Personal digital assistant - Wikipedia. A personal digital assistant (PDA), also known as a handheld PC.

PDAs were largely discontinued in the early 2. OS and Android. A PDA has an electronic visual display, letting it include a web browser. All models also have audio capabilities, allowing usage as a portable media player, and also enabling most of them to be used as mobile phones. Most PDAs can access the Internet, intranets or extranets via Wi- Fi or Wireless Wide Area Networks. California Clinical Lab Scientist Trainee License. Most PDAs employ touchscreen technology.

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The first PDA, the Organizer, was released in 1. Psion, followed by Psion's Series 3, in 1. The latter began to resemble the more familiar PDA style, including a full keyboard. Then in 1. 99. 6, Nokia introduced a PDA with full mobile phone functionality, the 9. Communicator, which became the world's best- selling PDA.

The Communicator spawned a new category of PDAs: the . Another early entrant in this market was Palm, with a line of PDA products which began in March 1. However, some PDAs may not have a touchscreen, using softkeys, a directional pad, and a numeric keypad or a thumb keyboard for input; this is typically seen on telephones that are also PDAs.

To have the functions expected of a PDA, a device's software typically includes an appointment calendar, a to- do list, an address book for contacts, a calculator, and some sort of memo (or . PDAs with wireless data connections also typically include an email client and a Web browser. Touchscreen. Some touchscreen PDAs, including Windows Mobile devices, had a detachable stylus to facilitate making selections. The user interacts with the device by tapping the screen to select buttons or issue commands, or by dragging a finger (or the stylus) on the screen to make selections or scroll. Typical methods of entering text on touchscreen PDAs include: A virtual keyboard, where a keyboard is shown on the touchscreen.

Text is entered by tapping the on- screen keyboard with a finger or stylus. An external keyboard connected via USB, Infrared port, or Bluetooth. Some users may choose a chorded keyboard for one- handed use. Handwriting recognition, where letters or words are written on the touchscreen, often with a stylus, and the PDA converts the input to text. Recognition and computation of handwritten horizontal and vertical formulas, such as . The strokes are often simplified character shapes, making them easier for the device to recognize. One widely known stroke recognition system is Palm's Graffiti.

Despite research and development projects, end- users experience mixed results with handwriting recognition systems. Some find it frustrating and inaccurate, while others are satisfied with the quality of the recognition. Many touchscreen PDAs support some form of external keyboard as well. Specialized folding keyboards, which offer a full- sized keyboard but collapse into a compact size for transport, are available for many models. External keyboards may attach to the PDA directly, using a cable, or may use wireless technology such as infrared or Bluetooth to connect to the PDA. Newer PDAs, such as the HTC HD2, Apple i. Phone, Apple i. Pod Touch, and Palm Pre, Palm Pre Plus, Palm Pixi, Palm Pixi Plus, Google Android (operating system) include more advanced forms of touchscreen that can register multiple touches simultaneously.

Although designed for memory, Secure Digital Input/Output (SDIO) and Compact. Flash cards are available that provide accessories like Wi- Fi or digital cameras, if the device can support them. Frigidaire Oven Owner S Manual. Some PDAs also have a USB port, mainly for USB flash drives.

Older PDAs were unable to connect to each other via USB, as their implementations of USB didn't support acting as the . Some early PDAs were able to connect to the Internet indirectly by means of an external modem connected via the PDA's serial port or . Bluetooth can be used to connect keyboards, headsets, GPS receivers, and other nearby accessories. It's also possible to transfer files between PDAs that have Bluetooth. Many modern PDAs have Wi- Fi wireless network connectivity and can connect to Wi- Fi hotspots. Older PDAs from the 1.

Ir. DA (infrared) port allowing short- range, line- of- sight wireless communication. Few current models use this technology, as it has been supplanted by Bluetooth and Wi- Fi. Ir. DA allows communication between two PDAs, or between a PDA and any device with an Ir. DA port or adapter. Some printers have Ir.

DA receivers. Universal PDA keyboards designed for these older PDAs use infrared technology. This allows the user to update contact, schedule, or other information on their computer, using software such as Microsoft Outlook or ACT!, and have that same data transferred to PDA—or transfer updated information from the PDA back to the computer. This eliminates the need for the user to update their data in two places. Synchronization also prevents the loss of information stored on the device if it is lost, stolen, or destroyed. When the PDA is repaired or replaced, it can be . Some users find that data input is quicker on their computer than on their PDA, since text input via a touchscreen or small- scale keyboard is slower than a full- size keyboard. Transferring data to a PDA via the computer is therefore a lot quicker than having to manually input all data on the handheld device.

This is done through synchronization software provided with the handheld, or sometime with the computer's operating system. Examples of synchronization software include: Hot. Sync Manager, for Palm OS PDAs. Microsoft Active.

Sync, used by Windows XP and older Windows operating systems to synchronize with Windows Mobile, Pocket PC, and Windows CE PDAs, as well as PDAs running i. OS, Palm OS, and Symbian. Microsoft Windows Mobile Device Center for Windows Vista, which supports Microsoft Windows Mobile and Pocket PC devices. Apple i. Tunes, used on Mac OS X and Microsoft Windows to sync i. OS devices (such as the i. Phone and i. Pod touch)i. Sync, included with Mac OS X, can synchronize many Sync.

ML- enabled PDAs. Black. Berry Desktop Software, used to sync Black. Berry devices. These programs allow the PDA to be synchronized with a personal information manager, which may be part of the computer's operating system, provided with the PDA, or sold separately by a third party. For example, the RIM Black. Berry comes with RIM's Desktop Manager program, which can synchronize to both Microsoft Outlook and ACT! Other PDAs come only with their own proprietary software. For example, some early Palm OS PDAs came only with Palm Desktop, while later Palm PDAs—such as the Treo 6.

Palm Desktop or Microsoft Outlook. Microsoft's Active. Sync and Windows Mobile Device Center only synchronize with Microsoft Outlook or a Microsoft Exchange server. Apple i. OS devices, like the i. Phone, i. Pod Touch, and i.

Pad can use Apple's i. Cloud service (formerly Mobile. Me) to synchronize calendar, address book, mail account, Internet bookmark, and other data with one or more Macintosh or Windows computers using Wi- Fi or cellular data connections. For example, if Gmail is used, information in contacts, email, and calendar can be synchronized between the phone and Google's servers. RIM sells Black. Berry Enterprise Server to corporations so that corporate Black. Berry users can wirelessly synchronize their PDAs with the company's Microsoft Exchange Server, IBM Lotus Domino, or Novell Group. Wise servers. Other PDAs are compatible with external GPS- receiver add- ons that use the PDA's processor and screen to display location information.

PDAs are increasingly being fitted as standard on new cars. PDA- based GPS can also display traffic conditions, perform dynamic routing, and show known locations of roadside mobile radar guns. Tom. Tom, Garmin, and i. GO offer GPS navigation software for PDAs. Ruggedized. These PDAs have features that make them more robust and able to handle inclement weather, jolts and moisture.